Efficacy of Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and Tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens against δ-endotoxin cry1ac and cry2ab expressed by genetically modified cotton plants

Nimbalkar R. K.*,. Shinde S. S1 and Giri  N.R 2

Department of Zoology, Vinayakrao Patil College, Vaijapur, Dist. Aurangabad (MS)
1Department of Zoology, Vivekanand College, Aurangabad
2M. J. M. College of Arts Commerce and Science, Karanjali, Taluka Peth Dist. Nashik (MS)
*rknimbalkar@gmail.com

Abstract
In present studies genetically modified cotton plant which express δ-endotoxin Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab were cultivated in 2012 and 2013. The efficacy was studied against cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens. Results of study suggest that Cry2Ab traits are effective against these species than Cry1Ac. The survival of Helicoverpa armigera was >90% on flower anthers and square anthers compared to 67% on flower bracts, flower petals, and whole squares from Cry1Ac expressing cotton plants at 72 hours.  The expression of Cry2Ab was more effective against bollworms than Cry1Ac.  On flower anthers and square anthers, expressed by Cry2Ab cotton plant survival of these worm found was 63% at 72 hours. 

FULL TEXT (Click here)

References
Adamczyk JR, VJ Mascarenhas, GE Church, BR Leonard and JB Graves. 1998. Susceptibility of conventional and transgenic cotton bolls expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac δ-endotoxin to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) injury. J. Agric. Entomol., 15: 163-171.
Adamczyk JR, JJ and J Gore, 2004. Laboratory and field performance of cotton containing Cry1Ac, Cry1F, and both Cry1Ac and Cry1F (WideStrike®) against beet armyworm and fall armyworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomol., 87: 427- 432.
Aronson AI and Y Shai, 2001. Why Bacillus huringiensis insecticidal toxins are so effective: unique features of their mode of action. FEMS Microbiol Lett., 195:1-8.
Fakrudin B, SH Prakash KB Krishnareddy, Vijaykumar PR, Badari Prasad, BV Patil and MS Kuruvinashetti, 2004. Genetic variation of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) of South Indian cotton ecosystem using RAPD markers, Current Science. 87(12): 1654-1657.
Greenplate JT,  1999.  Quantification of Bacillus thuringiensis insect control protein Cry1Ac over time in Bollgard cotton fruit and terminals. J. Econ. Entomol., 92: 1377-1383.
Hedin PA, JN Jenkins, DH Collum, WH White and WL Parrott,  1983. Multiple factors in cotton contributing to resistance to the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens F., pp. 347-365. 
Jackson RE, JR Bradley, Jr, AD Burd and JW Van Duyn,  2000.  Field and greenhouse performance of bollworm on Bollgard II cotton genotypes, pp. 1048-1051. 
Manjunath TM, Bhattnagar VS, Pawer CS and Sidhanantham S, 1985. Economic importance of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in India an assessment of their natural enemies and host plants In: Proc. Workshop on Biological control of Helicoverpa armigera ND, India.
Shinde SS, VN Kamtikar, Sumit Muley and RK Nimbalkar, 2011. Efficacy of Helicoverpa armigera Larvae on Conventional and Genetically Modified (Bollgard®) Cotton plants from Marathwada Region (MS) India. Journal of Ecobiotechnology. 3(3): 22-27.
Nimbalkar RK, Shinde SS, Tawar DS and Chandekar SK,  2009. Ecology of Helicoverpa armigera on Genetically Modified cotton varieties single and pyramided Bt Proteins. Int. J. Biotech. Res. 5(2): 65-69.
Nimbalkar RK, SS Shinde, MS Wadikar and VN Kamtikar, 2012. LD50-Mortality Response of Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to the Pyrethroid Insecticide. Bioscience Discovery, 3(3):312-316.
Nimbalkar RK, SS Shinde, MS Wadikar and SP Muley, 2013.  Studies on Production of Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Using a Plant Consequent Compound and the Implications of Alternating Host Use for Insecticide Resistance Management. Acad. J. Entomol., 6 (1): 7-10.
Perlak FJ, RW Deaton, TA Armstrong, RL Fuchs, SR Sims, JT Greenplate and DA Fischoff,  1990.  Insect resistant cotton plants.  Biotechnology, 8: 839-943.
Ridge RL, SG Turnipseed and MJ Sullivan,  2000.  Field comparison of genetically-modified cottons containing one strain (Bollgard) and two strains (Bollgard II) of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, pp. 1057-1058. 
Sims SR,  1997.  Host activity spectrum of the Cry2A Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki protein: effects on Lepidoptera, Diptera, and non-target arthropods.  Southwest Entomol., 22: 395-404.
Stewart SD and KS Knighten, 2000.  Efficacy of (Bt) cotton expressing two insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on selected caterpillar pests, pp. 1043-1048.
Stipanovic RD,  1983.  Function and chemistry of plant trichomes and glands in insect resistance protective chemicals in plant epidermal glands and appendages, InP. A. Hedin, [ed.], Plant resistance to insects, ACS symposium series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 82-100.
White WH, JN Jenkins, WL Parrott JC, McCarty Jr, DH Collum and PA Hedin,  1982.  Generation mean analyses of various allelochemics in cottons.  Crop Sci., 22: 1046-1049.
Wolfenbarger DA, MJ Lukefahr and HM Graham,  1973.  LD50 values of methyl parathion and endrin to tobacco budworms and bollworms collected in the Americas and hypothesis on the spread of resistance in these lepidopteron pests to these insecticides.  J. Econ. Entomol., 66: 211-216.

How to Cite this Article:
Nimbalkar RK, SS Shinde and NR Giri, 2015. Efficacy of Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and Tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens against δ-endotoxin cry1ac and cry2ab expressed by genetically modified cotton plants. Science Research Reporter, 5(1):72-79.

Editor: Dr. Umesh P. Mogle, Printed, Published and Owned by Dr. Umesh P. Mogle, Published from ‘Kaushalyaaie’, P. No. 43, Priyanka Residancy, Mantha Chaufulli Jalna 431203 (M.S.) India.